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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Campo Grande</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In September 1933 a Bolivian garrison surrounded in the Chaco surrendered not to firepower but to thirst, a defeat recorded hour by hour in a young lieutenant's diary.]]></description>
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    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In September 1933 a Bolivian garrison surrounded in the Chaco surrendered not to firepower but to thirst, a defeat recorded hour by hour in a young lieutenant's diary.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Campo Grande</title>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. "Water! Water! Water!" By 15 September 1933, that was the only word the surrounded Bolivian soldiers could still shout, and a young officer named Benigno Guzmán wrote it down in his diary as the men around him began to break. They had half a liter a day to live on under a sun he called hellish. They could not swallow the meat they were given because their throats had gone dry. And across the thorn scrub the Paraguayans were calling out an offer of water along with a threat to cut their throats. This is how the Battle of Campo Grande ended: not with a charge, but with thirst doing the work that bullets could not.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. "Water! Water! Water!" By 15 September 1933, that was the only word the surrounded Bolivian soldiers could still shout, and a young officer named Benigno Guzmán wrote it down in his diary as the men around him began to break. They had half a liter a day to live on under a sun he called hellish. They could not swallow the meat they were given because their throats had gone dry. And across the thorn scrub the Paraguayans were calling out an offer of water along with a threat to cut their throats. This is how the Battle of Campo Grande ended: not with a charge, but with thirst doing the work that bullets could not.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: A Weakened Line</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The battle grew out of an opportunity. The fighting at Gondra had forced the Bolivian high command to strip troops from the 9th Division defending Fort Alihuatá, leaving only three scattered units in the advanced area. Seven hundred men of the Chacaltaya regiment held the road fr...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The battle grew out of an opportunity. The fighting at Gondra had forced the Bolivian high command to strip troops from the 9th Division defending Fort Alihuatá, leaving only three scattered units in the advanced area. Seven hundred men of the Chacaltaya regiment held the road fr...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: Command in Confusion</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. What followed exposed the paralysis at the top of the Bolivian army. General Hans Kundt, directing operations from the rear at Muñoz, had forbidden the use of his Loa regiment without his personal permission. When desperate messages arrived that the Ballivián and Chacaltaya were ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. What followed exposed the paralysis at the top of the Bolivian army. General Hans Kundt, directing operations from the rear at Muñoz, had forbidden the use of his Loa regiment without his personal permission. When desperate messages arrived that the Ballivián and Chacaltaya were ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: The Siege</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. On 12 September the Paraguayans seized the route to Campo Grande, cornering the Ballivián and Loa regiments. The pressure never let up. When the Bolivian line was pierced, cooks and couriers were thrown in to plug the gap. A relief company under Captain Julio Zambrana Bayá charge...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. On 12 September the Paraguayans seized the route to Campo Grande, cornering the Ballivián and Loa regiments. The pressure never let up. When the Bolivian line was pierced, cooks and couriers were thrown in to plug the gap. A relief company under Captain Julio Zambrana Bayá charge...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: The Surrender</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. On the western side, a Paraguayan officer demanded surrender and gave one hour for a reply. The veteran Lieutenant Colonel Eugenio Garay crossed into the Bolivian command post to settle terms on behalf of the Paraguayan division commander, José A. Ortiz. As Bolivian planes droppe...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. On the western side, a Paraguayan officer demanded surrender and gave one hour for a reply. The veteran Lieutenant Colonel Eugenio Garay crossed into the Bolivian command post to settle terms on behalf of the Paraguayan division commander, José A. Ortiz. As Bolivian planes droppe...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Campo Grande: What the Battle Meant</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Campo Grande was a small fight by the numbers, yet it marked a real shift. The Paraguayan commander Ortiz had kept the true direction of his attack secret until the last moment, giving the slow Bolivian command no time to react, and prisoners spoke of growing distrust between Bol...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Campo Grande was a small fight by the numbers, yet it marked a real shift. The Paraguayan commander Ortiz had kept the true direction of his attack secret until the last moment, giving the slow Bolivian command no time to react, and prisoners spoke of growing distrust between Bol...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-campo-grande/">Battle of Campo Grande on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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