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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Cepeda (1820)</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On a creek in the pampas, a single cavalry charge decided the future shape of Argentina in a battle that was over almost before it began.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On a creek in the pampas, a single cavalry charge decided the future shape of Argentina in a battle that was over almost before it began.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1820): Introduction</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[The fight was over almost before it started. On the morning of February 1, 1820, perhaps three thousand federal gaucho horsemen swept across the Cañada de Cepeda, a shallow creek cutting through the pampas of Buenos Aires Province, and slammed into a Buenos Aires army half their size. The porteño line broke at the first charge. Within minutes the question that had divided a young country since independence had its answer, written not in some grand pitched battle but in the dust of a dry streambed: there would be no all-powerful central government ruling from the capital. The provinces had won.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The fight was over almost before it started. On the morning of February 1, 1820, perhaps three thousand federal gaucho horsemen swept across the Cañada de Cepeda, a shallow creek cutting through the pampas of Buenos Aires Province, and slammed into a Buenos Aires army half their size. The porteño line broke at the first charge. Within minutes the question that had divided a young country since independence had its answer, written not in some grand pitched battle but in the dust of a dry streambed: there would be no all-powerful central government ruling from the capital. The provinces had won.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/">Battle of Cepeda (1820) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1820): Two Visions of a Country</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Argentina did not yet exist as a settled nation. The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata were a fragile experiment, and two rival ideas pulled at them. The Unitarians wanted a strong central government directing the whole country from Buenos Aires. The Federals wanted each pr...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Argentina did not yet exist as a settled nation. The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata were a fragile experiment, and two rival ideas pulled at them. The Unitarians wanted a strong central government directing the whole country from Buenos Aires. The Federals wanted each pr...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/">Battle of Cepeda (1820) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1820): The Armies That Refused to Come</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Supreme Director José Rondeau, desperate, recalled the armies that were still fighting Spain for independence. They would not come. José de San Martín, leading the Army of the Andes, refused to abandon his campaign against the royalists in Chile and Peru to wage war on fellow Arg...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Supreme Director José Rondeau, desperate, recalled the armies that were still fighting Spain for independence. They would not come. José de San Martín, leading the Army of the Andes, refused to abandon his campaign against the royalists in Chile and Peru to wage war on fellow Arg...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/">Battle of Cepeda (1820) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1820): A Treaty and a Betrayal</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three weeks later, on February 23, the provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires signed the Treaty of Pilar, laying the foundations of a federal Argentina. But the victors soon turned on each other. José Gervasio Artigas, the old inspirational leader of the federal cause...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Three weeks later, on February 23, the provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires signed the Treaty of Pilar, laying the foundations of a federal Argentina. But the victors soon turned on each other. José Gervasio Artigas, the old inspirational leader of the federal cause...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/">Battle of Cepeda (1820) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1820): What the Pampas Remember</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is little to mark the spot today. The Cañada de Cepeda is a modest watercourse threading through farmland in the south of Santa Fe Province, near the Buenos Aires border, the same flat grassland the gaucho cavalry once crossed at a gallop. No towers, no walls, no ruins. Yet...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is little to mark the spot today. The Cañada de Cepeda is a modest watercourse threading through farmland in the south of Santa Fe Province, near the Buenos Aires border, the same flat grassland the gaucho cavalry once crossed at a gallop. No towers, no walls, no ruins. Yet...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1820/">Battle of Cepeda (1820) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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