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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Cepeda (1859)</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On a creek-bed in the pampas, two visions of Argentina collided in 1859 - and the defeated side ended up winning the country it built.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On a creek-bed in the pampas, two visions of Argentina collided in 1859 - and the defeated side ended up winning the country it built.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Cepeda (1859)</title>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[By dusk on 23 October 1859, Bartolomé Mitre already knew he had lost. His Buenos Aires army was breaking apart on the flat ground at Cañada de Cepeda, and he ordered the retreat toward the river and the boats that would carry his men home. He had lost the battle. What almost no one watching the field could have guessed was that the loser of Cepeda would, within a few years, shape the Argentina that emerged from it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>By dusk on 23 October 1859, Bartolomé Mitre already knew he had lost. His Buenos Aires army was breaking apart on the flat ground at Cañada de Cepeda, and he ordered the retreat toward the river and the boats that would carry his men home. He had lost the battle. What almost no one watching the field could have guessed was that the loser of Cepeda would, within a few years, shape the Argentina that emerged from it.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): A Country Split in Two</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To understand why armies met at an obscure creek-bed, you have to understand a nation that did not yet quite exist. After the fall of the strongman Juan Manuel de Rosas at the Battle of Caseros in 1852, Argentina tried to write itself a constitution. Buenos Aires - rich, proud, a...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To understand why armies met at an obscure creek-bed, you have to understand a nation that did not yet quite exist. After the fall of the strongman Juan Manuel de Rosas at the Battle of Caseros in 1852, Argentina tried to write itself a constitution. Buenos Aires - rich, proud, a...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): Federalists and Unitarians</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The split ran along a fault line that had divided Argentines for a generation. On one side stood the federalists, who wanted power shared among the provinces; their champion was Justo José de Urquiza, the cattle-rich caudillo of Entre Ríos and president of the Confederation. On t...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The split ran along a fault line that had divided Argentines for a generation. On one side stood the federalists, who wanted power shared among the provinces; their champion was Justo José de Urquiza, the cattle-rich caudillo of Entre Ríos and president of the Confederation. On t...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): The Powers That Watched</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This was no purely local quarrel, and the world's powers knew it. With war looming, Brazil, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Paraguay all tried to head it off through diplomacy. Paraguay sent a young envoy named Francisco Solano López to mediate - a man who, a decade la...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This was no purely local quarrel, and the world's powers knew it. With war looming, Brazil, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Paraguay all tried to head it off through diplomacy. Paraguay sent a young envoy named Francisco Solano López to mediate - a man who, a decade la...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): Dusk at the Cañada</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The two armies met at Cañada de Cepeda on 23 October 1859. After a day of maneuvering, the forces clashed in the afternoon, and by nightfall Urquiza's Confederation army held the field. Mitre, his troops scattered, pulled back toward San Nicolás de los Arroyos and embarked his su...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The two armies met at Cañada de Cepeda on 23 October 1859. After a day of maneuvering, the forces clashed in the afternoon, and by nightfall Urquiza's Confederation army held the field. Mitre, his troops scattered, pulled back toward San Nicolás de los Arroyos and embarked his su...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cepeda (1859): Winning by Losing</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On 11 November 1859, mediated again by Solano López, Buenos Aires and the Confederation signed the Pact of San José de Flores. The defeated province was reincorporated into Argentina - but on generous terms, keeping privileges that preserved much of its power. Within two years th...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 11 November 1859, mediated again by Solano López, Buenos Aires and the Confederation signed the Pact of San José de Flores. The defeated province was reincorporated into Argentina - but on generous terms, keeping privileges that preserved much of its power. Within two years th...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cepeda-1859/">Battle of Cepeda (1859) on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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