<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
     xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd"
     xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
     xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0">
  <channel>
    <title>Qualla: Battle of Porédaka</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka</link>
    <description><![CDATA[On a highland plain in 1896, the Imamate of Futa Jallon made its last stand against French conquest, and an hour of gunfire ended a state that had lasted 170 years.]]></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 02:40:09 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On a highland plain in 1896, the Imamate of Futa Jallon made its last stand against French conquest, and an hour of gunfire ended a state that had lasted 170 years.]]></itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>serial</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_res/siteimages/rsslogo.png"/>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>support@bendyline.com</itunes:email>
    </itunes:owner>
    <itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture">
        <itunes:category text="Places &amp; Travel"/>
    </itunes:category>
    <podcast:locked>yes</podcast:locked>
    <image>
      <url>https://qualla.com/_res/siteimages/rsslogo.png</url>
      <title>Qualla: Battle of Porédaka</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Porédaka: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When the French handed Bokar Biro a treaty to sign, he did not refuse it outright. He took the document and wrote, in the place reserved for his name, a single word: Bismillah, in the name of God. Only later, when colonial officials in Saint-Louis examined the paper, did they understand that the last ruler of the Imamate of Futa Jallon had signed away nothing. It was a quiet act of defiance from a man already running out of room. Within months it would be answered with cannon on the plain of Porédaka.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When the French handed Bokar Biro a treaty to sign, he did not refuse it outright. He took the document and wrote, in the place reserved for his name, a single word: Bismillah, in the name of God. Only later, when colonial officials in Saint-Louis examined the paper, did they understand that the last ruler of the Imamate of Futa Jallon had signed away nothing. It was a quiet act of defiance from a man already running out of room. Within months it would be answered with cannon on the plain of Porédaka.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/">Battle of Porédaka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-intro.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Porédaka: A State in the Highlands</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For most of two centuries, the Fouta Djallon was governed by one of West Africa's notable experiments in Islamic statecraft. The Imamate of Futa Jallon had risen out of a jihad declared in 1725, when Fula scholars and chiefs gathered at the religious center of Fugumba and chose K...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For most of two centuries, the Fouta Djallon was governed by one of West Africa's notable experiments in Islamic statecraft. The Imamate of Futa Jallon had risen out of a jihad declared in 1725, when Fula scholars and chiefs gathered at the religious center of Fugumba and chose K...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/">Battle of Porédaka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-a-state-in-the-highlands.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-a-state-in-the-highlands.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Porédaka: A House Divided</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bokar Biro had come to power in 1890 through a coup, taking the throne after killing his own brother and installing loyalists around him. What followed was a see-saw of power struggles in which he more than once lost his position and clawed it back. The imamate had long alternate...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bokar Biro had come to power in 1890 through a coup, taking the throne after killing his own brother and installing loyalists around him. What followed was a see-saw of power struggles in which he more than once lost his position and clawed it back. The imamate had long alternate...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/">Battle of Porédaka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-a-house-divided.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-a-house-divided.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Porédaka: An Hour on the Plain</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the end of the 1896 rainy season the French moved, dispatching columns from Senegal, Guinea, and the Sudan to converge on the Fouta Djallon. On 3 November they took Timbo, the political capital. Bokar Biro could not rally the chiefs to his side. On 13 November he gave battle a...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At the end of the 1896 rainy season the French moved, dispatching columns from Senegal, Guinea, and the Sudan to converge on the Fouta Djallon. On 3 November they took Timbo, the political capital. Bokar Biro could not rally the chiefs to his side. On 13 November he gave battle a...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/">Battle of Porédaka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-an-hour-on-the-plain.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-an-hour-on-the-plain.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Porédaka: What Was Lost</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bokar Biro died on that field, and his son died with him. With them died the independence of the Imamate of Futa Jallon, a state that had governed these highlands since 1725. The French installed a resident at Timbo, rewarded the chief Alfa Yaya for his support, and made Umaru Ba...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bokar Biro died on that field, and his son died with him. With them died the independence of the Imamate of Futa Jallon, a state that had governed these highlands since 1725. The French installed a resident at Timbo, rewarded the chief Alfa Yaya for his support, and made Umaru Ba...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-poredaka/">Battle of Porédaka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-what-was-lost.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/9/z/m/battle-of-poredaka-wp/e9zm-battle-of-por-daka-what-was-lost.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
