![Umeå, Sävar och Ratan aug. 1809; Samtida "Charta öfver Affairen vid Säfvar by, belägen 2 1/4 mil Norr om Umeå Stad, den 19. Augusti 1809."
Translation from the description: Blue—Swedish troops; Red—Russian troops.
The left flank of the Swedish line of outposts, consisting of two jäger-battalions and two Södermanland-battalions, stretched from the river (A) over the marsh (B), to the heights [Krutbrånet] (C) and between the main road and the marsh (D, E), from where the right flank of the line, one Jönköping-battalion, extended further towards F.
At 06:30 on the 19th, the left flank of the Swedish line of outposts was attacked; the Swedish troops, whom three times repulsed the Russians, would have remained masters of the height, had not a Russian 12-pounder gun swiftly arrived, which forced them to retire. Three [Swedish] guns marched over the bridge (G), of which one proceeded along the road (H). However, because of their advantegous position at the heights (C), three Russian guns halted the Swedish advance on the road, and they had to withdraw across the river, according to the orders given by the general [Wachtmeister]. The Russians had, during the night of the 18th, shipped 2,000 men to the Ostnäs village [disputed claim], about three quarters of a mile from the Täfteå village; they also crossed the river bay [ferry] (I) where a Swedish officer and 25 men were positioned. The royal Life-Guards of Foot [Svea livgarde] (1) and the Queen's Life-Regiment (2) marched to receive the Russian battalions (3, 4, 5) which arrived from Ostnäs, and the Russian battalion (6) which crossed at the ferry; they were later ordered to retreat through the woods; the former [Svea] arrived at Djäkneboda at 20:00 the same day, while the latter [Queen's] arrived at Ratan the next day, at 08:00.
The Swedish strength was close to 5,000 men; two battalions of the Uppland Regiment had previously been sent towards Bygdeå to cover the rear of the army, while two [Jönköping] battalions had marched along the Tväråmark road to cover the right flank. The Russian force numbered, according to the prisoners taken, more than 7,000 men.
C. F. König](/_m/u/7/q/e/battle-of-savar-wp/hero.jpg)
No pitched battle has been fought on Swedish soil since 19 August 1809. That distinction belongs to Savar, a village north of Umea where a Swedish force collided with a Russian army that should have been trapped but instead fought its way free. The Battle of Savar was not decided by superior firepower or brilliant tactics. It was decided by the character of two commanders: Gustaf Wachtmeister, the cautious Swede who retreated when he still had reserves uncommitted, and Nikolay Kamensky, the relentless Russian who drove an exhausted, hungry army to victory through sheer will. The battle shaped the peace treaty that ended the Finnish War and redrew the map of Scandinavia.
The Swedish plan was sound on paper. With Finland already lost to Russia, Sweden sought to improve its negotiating position by liberating Vasterbotten, which Russian forces had occupied since June. Admiral Johan af Puke commanded the naval expedition that landed Swedish troops at Ratan, a village north of Umea, on 17 August. The idea was a classic pincer: Wachtmeister's landing force would march south toward Umea while Fabian Wrede advanced from the south, crushing Kamensky's Russians between them. But Wachtmeister moved with excruciating caution. He failed to reach Umea before Kamensky recognized the danger, passed through the city, and marched straight north to meet the Swedish force head-on. The trap had been designed to catch a stationary enemy. Kamensky refused to be stationary.
On the morning of 19 August, Kamensky's 3,850 Russians attacked Wachtmeister's roughly 2,300 to 2,800 Swedes at Savar. The fighting centered on the heights of Krutbranet, a tactically vital position that dominated the surrounding terrain. Rather than immediately pulling his troops behind the Savar river -- where his artillery could have controlled the field -- Wachtmeister chose to contest the heights against a numerically superior enemy. He had only two guns in position against eight Russian pieces. The decision to fight for Krutbranet rather than defend the river line cost Swedish lives without gaining Swedish ground. Meanwhile, Kamensky sent a diversionary force south toward Ytterboda to threaten the Swedish flank, stretching Wachtmeister's attention across multiple axes of attack.
Around midday, Wachtmeister finally withdrew his troops from Krutbranet across the river to Savar. He now held the advantageous ground he should have defended from the start, with his artillery finally able to dominate the field. He also had five battalions still uncommitted in reserve. But Kamensky was not finished. Russian troops crossed the river, with half attacking toward Ytterboda -- where the Swedes had been fighting successfully -- and the other half assaulting Savar directly. Cut off from his forces at Ytterboda and facing intensifying pressure at the river crossing, Wachtmeister made the decision that would define his reputation: he ordered a full retreat. His army did not feel beaten. His officers protested. He still had reserves. But Wachtmeister, perhaps influenced by the king's earlier instruction not to waste Sweden's last strategic reserve, chose survival over victory.
The casualties at Savar were heavy on both sides. Swedish losses reached approximately 844 men -- 482 killed or captured and 362 wounded. Russian casualties were even higher, with Kamensky reporting roughly 1,350 killed, wounded, or captured at Savar alone. The following day, the two armies clashed again at Ratan, where the Swedes achieved a partial success that prevented their expedition from becoming a complete disaster. Kamensky's army, running desperately short of supplies and unable to receive them by sea due to Swedish naval superiority, was in serious trouble despite its tactical victory. The twin battles achieved Sweden's underlying strategic goal. When negotiators met at Fredrikshamn, the border was drawn not at the Kalix River -- as Tsar Alexander I had demanded -- but roughly along the line that separates Sweden and Finland today. Savar was the last pitched battle on Swedish soil, the final act of a war that turned Finland from a Swedish province into a Russian Grand Duchy. The village is quiet now. The heights of Krutbranet are just a wooded hill. But the peace those soldiers fought for -- imperfect, painful, negotiated in exhaustion -- has endured for more than two centuries.
Located at 63.89N, 20.53E near Savar, approximately 20 km north of Umea along the E4 highway in Vasterbotten, Sweden. The battlefield terrain includes the heights of Krutbranet and the Savar river crossing. Umea Airport (ESNU) is approximately 20 km to the south. The coastal lowland terrain, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the east, provides clear visibility of the river valleys where the fighting took place. The village of Ratan, where the following day's battle occurred, is visible further north along the coast.