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    <title>Qualla: Battle of the Tonelero Pass</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A Brazilian fleet ran the gauntlet of an Argentine cliff battery here - carrying two future Argentine presidents toward the campaign that would topple Rosas.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A Brazilian fleet ran the gauntlet of an Argentine cliff battery here - carrying two future Argentine presidents toward the campaign that would topple Rosas.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of the Tonelero Pass</title>
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      <title>Battle of the Tonelero Pass: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Trajano Augusto de Carvalho, 1876–1942, CC BY-SA 2.0. On the flagship steaming up the Parana that December morning stood two men who would each, one day, govern Argentina: Bartolome Mitre and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. They were exiles, riding a Brazilian squadron commanded by a British-born admiral, bound for a war against the strongman who ruled their country. Above them, on the cliff of Acevedo, waited the same general who had chained this river six years earlier. The Battle of the Tonelero Pass, fought on 17 December 1851, was a single hour of thunder over the water - and a hinge in Argentine history.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Trajano Augusto de Carvalho, 1876–1942, CC BY-SA 2.0. On the flagship steaming up the Parana that December morning stood two men who would each, one day, govern Argentina: Bartolome Mitre and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. They were exiles, riding a Brazilian squadron commanded by a British-born admiral, bound for a war against the strongman who ruled their country. Above them, on the cliff of Acevedo, waited the same general who had chained this river six years earlier. The Battle of the Tonelero Pass, fought on 17 December 1851, was a single hour of thunder over the water - and a hinge in Argentine history.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/">Battle of the Tonelero Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Trajano Augusto de Carvalho, 1876–1942 | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of the Tonelero Pass: The River Always Mattered</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. By 1851 the Parana had become, once again, the road to power. Juan Manuel de Rosas still dominated Buenos Aires and the Argentine Confederation, but his old ally Justo Jose de Urquiza, the powerful governor of Entre Rios, had turned against him, and Brazil had joined the coalitio...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. By 1851 the Parana had become, once again, the road to power. Juan Manuel de Rosas still dominated Buenos Aires and the Argentine Confederation, but his old ally Justo Jose de Urquiza, the powerful governor of Entre Rios, had turned against him, and Brazil had joined the coalitio...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/">Battle of the Tonelero Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eduardo de Martino | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of the Tonelero Pass: Grenfell&apos;s Squadron</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. Eight Brazilian warships approached the cliff of Acevedo, near the Tonelero pass on the river's west bank. Four were steam corvettes - the Dom Pedro, Dom Pedro II, Dom Afonso, and Recife - and they towed two sailing corvettes and a brig against the current. The fleet was commande...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. Eight Brazilian warships approached the cliff of Acevedo, near the Tonelero pass on the river's west bank. Four were steam corvettes - the Dom Pedro, Dom Pedro II, Dom Afonso, and Recife - and they towed two sailing corvettes and a brig against the current. The fleet was commande...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/">Battle of the Tonelero Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eduardo de Martino | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of the Tonelero Pass: An Hour of Iron</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. Holding the heights was Lucio Norberto Mansilla, brother-in-law of Rosas and the architect of the famous chain defense at Obligado. He had sixteen guns and some two thousand men. For one hour the Argentine batteries threw more than 450 rounds at the passing ships. The fire killed...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. Holding the heights was Lucio Norberto Mansilla, brother-in-law of Rosas and the architect of the famous chain defense at Obligado. He had sixteen guns and some two thousand men. For one hour the Argentine batteries threw more than 450 rounds at the passing ships. The fire killed...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/">Battle of the Tonelero Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eduardo de Martino | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of the Tonelero Pass: The General Who Walked Away</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. What happened next was almost stranger than the battle. Mansilla, convinced the Brazilian division meant to land directly on his position, withdrew - leaving his artillery and equipment behind on the cliff. The defense that might have bled the invasion dissolved without a final s...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eduardo de Martino, Public domain. What happened next was almost stranger than the battle. Mansilla, convinced the Brazilian division meant to land directly on his position, withdrew - leaving his artillery and equipment behind on the cliff. The defense that might have bled the invasion dissolved without a final s...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-tonelero-pass/">Battle of the Tonelero Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eduardo de Martino | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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