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    <title>Qualla: Cueva Fell</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A modest rock shelter at the bottom of the world where, eleven thousand years ago, some of the earliest people in the Americas sheltered, hunted vanished giants, and left behind tools that reshaped the science of human migration.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A modest rock shelter at the bottom of the world where, eleven thousand years ago, some of the earliest people in the Americas sheltered, hunted vanished giants, and left behind tools that reshaped the science of human migration.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Cueva Fell: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It does not look like the kind of place that overturns textbooks. Cueva Fell is a shallow overhang of rock, 38 feet wide and 28 feet deep, carved by an old river into a sandstone bank in the windswept steppe of southern Patagonia. But when archaeologist Junius Bird began digging here in 1936, the dark earth gave up something remarkable: layer upon layer of human life reaching back roughly eleven thousand years, to a time when people at the very tip of the inhabited world were hunting animals that no longer exist. This unassuming shelter became the type site for an entire ancient tradition and a key piece of evidence in one of archaeology's longest-running debates.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It does not look like the kind of place that overturns textbooks. Cueva Fell is a shallow overhang of rock, 38 feet wide and 28 feet deep, carved by an old river into a sandstone bank in the windswept steppe of southern Patagonia. But when archaeologist Junius Bird began digging here in 1936, the dark earth gave up something remarkable: layer upon layer of human life reaching back roughly eleven thousand years, to a time when people at the very tip of the inhabited world were hunting animals that no longer exist. This unassuming shelter became the type site for an entire ancient tradition and a key piece of evidence in one of archaeology's longest-running debates.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/">Cueva Fell on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Cueva Fell: A Shelter Read Like a Book</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bird's attention was caught by stone points and flakes scattered on the surface. What he uncovered beneath was a layered record, each stratum a chapter. The oldest, Layer V, dated to between about 11,000 and 10,080 years before present, held the first people. Above it, the sedime...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bird's attention was caught by stone points and flakes scattered on the surface. What he uncovered beneath was a layered record, each stratum a chapter. The oldest, Layer V, dated to between about 11,000 and 10,080 years before present, held the first people. Above it, the sedime...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/">Cueva Fell on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Cueva Fell: The Fishtail Point</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fifteen of those tools came from the very bottom layer, and they belonged to a distinctive type: the fluted fishtail point, named for its flared, tail-like base. At Cueva Fell these points lay among the bones of the animals they had killed, extinct horses, giant ground sloths, an...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fifteen of those tools came from the very bottom layer, and they belonged to a distinctive type: the fluted fishtail point, named for its flared, tail-like base. At Cueva Fell these points lay among the bones of the animals they had killed, extinct horses, giant ground sloths, an...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/">Cueva Fell on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Cueva Fell: Lives at the Edge of the Ice</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The people who first sheltered here arrived during a cold, unstable snap, a southern echo of the Younger Dryas, when glaciers advanced and rain lashed the steppe. Far from being defeated by it, they adapted, moving and hunting through a climate that lurched between extremes. Cuev...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The people who first sheltered here arrived during a cold, unstable snap, a southern echo of the Younger Dryas, when glaciers advanced and rain lashed the steppe. Far from being defeated by it, they adapted, moving and hunting through a climate that lurched between extremes. Cuev...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/">Cueva Fell on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Cueva Fell: The End of the Line</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cueva Fell represents what researchers call the end of the line, the southernmost reach of humanity's first great journey out of Africa, across Asia, and down the length of two unknown continents. People had arrived at Tierra del Fuego by around 11,000 to 10,500 years ago, so qui...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cueva Fell represents what researchers call the end of the line, the southernmost reach of humanity's first great journey out of Africa, across Asia, and down the length of two unknown continents. People had arrived at Tierra del Fuego by around 11,000 to 10,500 years ago, so qui...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/cueva-fell/">Cueva Fell on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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