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    <title>Qualla: Fall of Timbuktu</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In 2012 armed groups seized Timbuktu and razed its saints' shrines, but its people saved the city's manuscripts and the world named the destruction a war crime.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 2012 armed groups seized Timbuktu and razed its saints' shrines, but its people saved the city's manuscripts and the world named the destruction a war crime.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Fall of Timbuktu</title>
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      <title>Fall of Timbuktu: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. For centuries Timbuktu was a byword for the ends of the earth, a city of scholars and saints at the edge of the Sahara. In the summer of 2012 it became something else: a place where a war over land and faith turned against the dead. Armed groups took the city, and then they came for its tombs. What followed was both a tragedy and, quietly, a triumph, as the people of Timbuktu refused to let the soul of their city be carried off with its conquerors.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. For centuries Timbuktu was a byword for the ends of the earth, a city of scholars and saints at the edge of the Sahara. In the summer of 2012 it became something else: a place where a war over land and faith turned against the dead. Armed groups took the city, and then they came for its tombs. What followed was both a tragedy and, quietly, a triumph, as the people of Timbuktu refused to let the soul of their city be carried off with its conquerors.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/">Fall of Timbuktu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Magharebia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fall of Timbuktu: The City Changes Hands</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. The fall came in stages. On June 13, 2012, fighters of the Tuareg separatist movement, the MNLA, clashed with militants of Ansar Dine at a checkpoint on the city's edge. The two had been uneasy allies against the Malian state; now they turned on each other. Ansar Dine, backed by ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. The fall came in stages. On June 13, 2012, fighters of the Tuareg separatist movement, the MNLA, clashed with militants of Ansar Dine at a checkpoint on the city's edge. The two had been uneasy allies against the Malian state; now they turned on each other. Ansar Dine, backed by ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/">Fall of Timbuktu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Magharebia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Fall of Timbuktu: War Against the Saints</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. Timbuktu was once called the City of 333 Saints, and its Sufi mausoleums were beloved shrines woven into daily life. The occupiers declared them idolatry. Beginning in late June, militants attacked the tombs with hoes, pick-axes, and chisels, destroying the mausoleum of Sidi Mahm...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. Timbuktu was once called the City of 333 Saints, and its Sufi mausoleums were beloved shrines woven into daily life. The occupiers declared them idolatry. Beginning in late June, militants attacked the tombs with hoes, pick-axes, and chisels, destroying the mausoleum of Sidi Mahm...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/">Fall of Timbuktu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Magharebia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fall of Timbuktu: The Books That Got Away</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. But the occupiers did not get everything. Timbuktu's other treasure was its libraries, hundreds of thousands of medieval manuscripts on law, science, poetry, and faith. As the danger grew, the city's librarians and families launched a clandestine rescue. Led by the custodian Abde...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. But the occupiers did not get everything. Timbuktu's other treasure was its libraries, hundreds of thousands of medieval manuscripts on law, science, poetry, and faith. As the danger grew, the city's librarians and families launched a clandestine rescue. Led by the custodian Abde...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/">Fall of Timbuktu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Magharebia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fall of Timbuktu: A Reckoning and a Rebuilding</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. The world did not look away. UNESCO, governments, and Islamic organizations condemned the destruction, many comparing it to the Taliban's dynamiting of the Buddhas of Bamiyan. The reckoning came at The Hague. In 2016 the International Criminal Court convicted Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mah...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Magharebia, CC BY 2.0. The world did not look away. UNESCO, governments, and Islamic organizations condemned the destruction, many comparing it to the Taliban's dynamiting of the Buddhas of Bamiyan. The reckoning came at The Hague. In 2016 the International Criminal Court convicted Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mah...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fall-of-timbuktu/">Fall of Timbuktu on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Magharebia | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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