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    <title>Qualla: First Battle of Nanawa</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A carob-tree forest in the Paraguayan Chaco, fortified by two exiled Russian officers, became the anvil on which Bolivia's grandest offensive of January 1933 was broken.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 02:39:58 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A carob-tree forest in the Paraguayan Chaco, fortified by two exiled Russian officers, became the anvil on which Bolivia's grandest offensive of January 1933 was broken.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: First Battle of Nanawa</title>
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      <title>First Battle of Nanawa: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Two former officers of the defeated Russian Imperial Army, refugees from a revolution half a world away, taught Paraguay how to dig in. Ivan Belaieff and Nicolas Ern had fought and lost their own war; in the 1920s they found new lives in the army of a small South American country, and at a place called Nanawa they laid out zig-zag trenches, barbed wire, and interlocking machine-gun nests in a horseshoe facing the enemy. In late January 1933, the full weight of the Bolivian army, led in person by a German general, threw itself against those defenses. The defenses held.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Two former officers of the defeated Russian Imperial Army, refugees from a revolution half a world away, taught Paraguay how to dig in. Ivan Belaieff and Nicolas Ern had fought and lost their own war; in the 1920s they found new lives in the army of a small South American country, and at a place called Nanawa they laid out zig-zag trenches, barbed wire, and interlocking machine-gun nests in a horseshoe facing the enemy. In late January 1933, the full weight of the Bolivian army, led in person by a German general, threw itself against those defenses. The defenses held.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/">First Battle of Nanawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>First Battle of Nanawa: Carob Tree Forest</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The name Nanawa comes from Enxet, the language of an Indigenous people of the Chaco, and means "carob tree forest." The Paraguayans had established the outpost in 1928, and by the end of 1932 it had become their strongest position on the southern front. The Chaco itself made ever...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The name Nanawa comes from Enxet, the language of an Indigenous people of the Chaco, and means "carob tree forest." The Paraguayans had established the outpost in 1928, and by the end of 1932 it had become their strongest position on the southern front. The Chaco itself made ever...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/">First Battle of Nanawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>First Battle of Nanawa: Kundt&apos;s Assault</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The Bolivian commander-in-chief was Hans Kundt, a German veteran of the First World War who believed in the massed frontal attack and commanded the assault from the field himself. Against Nanawa he sent his 7th Division, some 3,600 men reorganized into reduced regiments. Facing t...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. The Bolivian commander-in-chief was Hans Kundt, a German veteran of the First World War who believed in the massed frontal attack and commanded the assault from the field himself. Against Nanawa he sent his 7th Division, some 3,600 men reorganized into reduced regiments. Facing t...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/">First Battle of Nanawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>First Battle of Nanawa: Rain and Reinforcement</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. When the frontal attacks failed, the Bolivians changed tactics, trying to dig a trench all the way around the Nanawa complex and strangle it. Paraguayan reinforcements broke up the effort. Then the weather intervened. Heavy rains turned the Chaco's hard ground to mud and forced t...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. When the frontal attacks failed, the Bolivians changed tactics, trying to dig a trench all the way around the Nanawa complex and strangle it. Paraguayan reinforcements broke up the effort. Then the weather intervened. Heavy rains turned the Chaco's hard ground to mud and forced t...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/">First Battle of Nanawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>First Battle of Nanawa: The South American Verdun</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Taken together, the two battles of Nanawa became among the bloodiest fought in South America in the twentieth century, earning the grim nickname the "South American Verdun" after the meat-grinder of the First World War. The fighting left its mark on culture as well as the land. A...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Anibalcesar, CC0. Taken together, the two battles of Nanawa became among the bloodiest fought in South America in the twentieth century, earning the grim nickname the "South American Verdun" after the meat-grinder of the First World War. The fighting left its mark on culture as well as the land. A...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/first-battle-of-nanawa/">First Battle of Nanawa on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Anibalcesar | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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