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    <title>Qualla: Koumbi Saleh</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A ruined stone city in the Mauritanian desert, widely believed to be the lost capital of the Ghana Empire - found because of a single name in a 17th-century manuscript, yet still missing the one inscription that would prove it.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A ruined stone city in the Mauritanian desert, widely believed to be the lost capital of the Ghana Empire - found because of a single name in a 17th-century manuscript, yet still missing the one inscription that would prove it.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Koumbi Saleh</title>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A single word in an old manuscript sent archaeologists into the desert. In 1913 a French scholar reading a 17th-century African chronicle came across the name of a vanished capital: Koumbi. The chronicle pointed northeast, toward a stretch of southern Mauritanian scrub where there was no rain for most of the year and no surface water at all. There, beneath low grass and thorn, lay the stone bones of a city - one that may once have been the seat of the Ghana Empire and home to twenty thousand people, though the proof that would settle the question has never been found.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A single word in an old manuscript sent archaeologists into the desert. In 1913 a French scholar reading a 17th-century African chronicle came across the name of a vanished capital: Koumbi. The chronicle pointed northeast, toward a stretch of southern Mauritanian scrub where there was no rain for most of the year and no surface water at all. There, beneath low grass and thorn, lay the stone bones of a city - one that may once have been the seat of the Ghana Empire and home to twenty thousand people, though the proof that would settle the question has never been found.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: The City al-Bakri Described</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Five centuries before the diggers arrived, the Moorish geographer al-Bakri had already described Ghana's capital - or believed he had. Writing around 1068 from Muslim Spain, drawing on travelers' reports, he sketched a capital of two towns six miles apart. One was a Muslim mercha...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Five centuries before the diggers arrived, the Moorish geographer al-Bakri had already described Ghana's capital - or believed he had. Writing around 1068 from Muslim Spain, drawing on travelers' reports, he sketched a capital of two towns six miles apart. One was a Muslim mercha...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: What the Diggers Found</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. The ruins were first reported in 1914, and French archaeologists have returned to them across a century - Thomassey and Mauny around 1950, Robert in the 1970s, Berthier in the 1980s. What they uncovered was a substantial stone town on a low hill. The houses were built of local sc...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. The ruins were first reported in 1914, and French archaeologists have returned to them across a century - Thomassey and Mauny around 1950, Robert in the 1970s, Berthier in the 1980s. What they uncovered was a substantial stone town on a low hill. The houses were built of local sc...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: Coins From Baghdad</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. The objects pulled from the soil told the story of a place wired into the whole medieval world. Islamic coins surfaced in numbers, along with ceramics and glassware - and some of those coins had been minted in Baghdad, four thousand kilometers and a desert away. Gold, iron, salt,...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. The objects pulled from the soil told the story of a place wired into the whole medieval world. Islamic coins surfaced in numbers, along with ceramics and glassware - and some of those coins had been minted in Baghdad, four thousand kilometers and a desert away. Gold, iron, salt,...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: The Missing Inscription</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. And yet the identification is not certain. In recent decades scholars have grown more cautious, because the one thing that would clinch the case is absent: no inscription has ever been found tying these ruins to the capital al-Bakri named. The king's town of Al-Ghaba has never be...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. And yet the identification is not certain. In recent decades scholars have grown more cautious, because the one thing that would clinch the case is absent: no inscription has ever been found tying these ruins to the capital al-Bakri named. The king's town of Al-Ghaba has never be...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Koumbi Saleh: A Site Still Waiting</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Today Koumbi Saleh sits 30 kilometers north of the Malian border, far from any city, on a plateau of grass and acacia that floods briefly in the July-to-September rains and lies parched the rest of the year. A modern commune of some eleven thousand people shares the name. The rui...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Today Koumbi Saleh sits 30 kilometers north of the Malian border, far from any city, on a plateau of grass and acacia that floods briefly in the July-to-September rains and lies parched the rest of the year. A modern commune of some eleven thousand people shares the name. The rui...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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