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    <title>Qualla: Siege of Chillán</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In the winter of 1813, a young revolutionary general laid siege to a stubbornly loyal Chillán and lost everything but his ambition, in one of the bloodiest failures of Chile's war for independence.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the winter of 1813, a young revolutionary general laid siege to a stubbornly loyal Chillán and lost everything but his ambition, in one of the bloodiest failures of Chile's war for independence.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Siege of Chillán</title>
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      <title>Siege of Chillán: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Kitinvelozo, CC BY-SA 4.0. The siege began in the worst possible season. On July 27, 1813, in the depth of the southern winter, the patriot army of José Miguel Carrera surrounded the royalist stronghold of Chillán and settled in to break it. Carrera was young, brilliant, and impatient, the de facto leader of Chile's infant revolution. Inside the walls, a determined garrison under Juan Francisco Sánchez had no intention of surrendering. For two freezing weeks the two sides ground against each other in the mud, and when it was over, Carrera limped away with his army gutted and his reputation cracked, never to fully recover.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Kitinvelozo, CC BY-SA 4.0. The siege began in the worst possible season. On July 27, 1813, in the depth of the southern winter, the patriot army of José Miguel Carrera surrounded the royalist stronghold of Chillán and settled in to break it. Carrera was young, brilliant, and impatient, the de facto leader of Chile's infant revolution. Inside the walls, a determined garrison under Juan Francisco Sánchez had no intention of surrendering. For two freezing weeks the two sides ground against each other in the mud, and when it was over, Carrera limped away with his army gutted and his reputation cracked, never to fully recover.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/">Siege of Chillán on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Kitinvelozo | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Siege of Chillán: A City Built to Resist</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Old Chillán was a natural fortress. It sat on a defensible rise hemmed by three rivers, the Paso Hondo, the Maipón, and the Chillán, a place that punished any attacker who came at it carelessly. Its peacetime population of about 4,000 had swelled to some 9,000 with the arrival of...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Old Chillán was a natural fortress. It sat on a defensible rise hemmed by three rivers, the Paso Hondo, the Maipón, and the Chillán, a place that punished any attacker who came at it carelessly. Its peacetime population of about 4,000 had swelled to some 9,000 with the arrival of...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/">Siege of Chillán on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: José Joaquín Cortes | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Chillán: Mud, Cold, and Desertion</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Carrera brought some of the patriots' best soldiers, and he did not lack for expertise. Before he even took command, the Irish-Chilean officer Juan Mackenna and the American adventurer Joel Roberts Poinsett, later famous for the flower that bears his name, had already mapped the ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Carrera brought some of the patriots' best soldiers, and he did not lack for expertise. Before he even took command, the Irish-Chilean officer Juan Mackenna and the American adventurer Joel Roberts Poinsett, later famous for the flower that bears his name, had already mapped the ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/">Siege of Chillán on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: José Joaquín Cortes | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Chillán: The Assault and the Massacre</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Carrera saw his force disintegrating and gambled on a direct attack before it vanished entirely. The first assault, the battle of Maipón, fell on August 3; a second followed two days later. They failed. The royalists held their ground with grim discipline, and the patriots could ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. Carrera saw his force disintegrating and gambled on a direct attack before it vanished entirely. The first assault, the battle of Maipón, fell on August 3; a second followed two days later. They failed. The royalists held their ground with grim discipline, and the patriots could ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/">Siege of Chillán on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: José Joaquín Cortes | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Chillán: The Retreat That Doomed a Leader</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. By August 10 there was nothing left to do but quit. Carrera had lost more than five hundred men killed or captured. His militia cavalry and much of his infantry had simply fled, and with no food and no ammunition the patriot perimeter could not hold. He raised the siege and fell ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit José Joaquín Cortes, CC BY-SA 4.0. By August 10 there was nothing left to do but quit. Carrera had lost more than five hundred men killed or captured. His militia cavalry and much of his infantry had simply fled, and with no food and no ammunition the patriot perimeter could not hold. He raised the siege and fell ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-chillan/">Siege of Chillán on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: José Joaquín Cortes | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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