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    <title>Qualla: Siege of Dumbarton</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In 870, two Viking kings besieged Dumbarton Rock for four months until the defenders' well ran dry. The capital of the Britons of the Clyde never recovered.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 870, two Viking kings besieged Dumbarton Rock for four months until the defenders' well ran dry. The capital of the Britons of the Clyde never recovered.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Siege of Dumbarton</title>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Four months is a long time to live without a way out. In the spring or early summer of 870, two Viking kings - Amlaíb of Dublin and his ally Ímar - the man who had led the Great Heathen Army to conquer York four years earlier - brought their combined fleets up the Firth of Clyde and laid siege to the fortress on Dumbarton Rock. The defenders, men and women of the kingdom of Alt Clut, the last surviving Brittonic kingdom outside Wales, settled in to wait. Their rock had stood off raids and sieges for centuries, including a co-ordinated assault by Angles and Picts as recently as 756. They had walls, they had stone, they had height. What they did not have, in the end, was water.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Four months is a long time to live without a way out. In the spring or early summer of 870, two Viking kings - Amlaíb of Dublin and his ally Ímar - the man who had led the Great Heathen Army to conquer York four years earlier - brought their combined fleets up the Firth of Clyde and laid siege to the fortress on Dumbarton Rock. The defenders, men and women of the kingdom of Alt Clut, the last surviving Brittonic kingdom outside Wales, settled in to wait. Their rock had stood off raids and sieges for centuries, including a co-ordinated assault by Angles and Picts as recently as 756. They had walls, they had stone, they had height. What they did not have, in the end, was water.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: The Kingdom on the Rock</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Dumbarton Rock is a twin-peaked volcanic plug at the mouth of the River Leven, commanding the confluence of the Leven and the Clyde. The fortress on its summit was the capital of Alt Clut - 'rock of the Clyde' in the old Brittonic tongue - and had been the seat of the Britons of ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Dumbarton Rock is a twin-peaked volcanic plug at the mouth of the River Leven, commanding the confluence of the Leven and the Clyde. The fortress on its summit was the capital of Alt Clut - 'rock of the Clyde' in the old Brittonic tongue - and had been the seat of the Britons of ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: Why Dumbarton</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Amlaíb (Olaf to later Norse sources) was Scandinavian king of Dublin; Ímar was almost certainly the man Anglo-Saxon chroniclers called Ivar the Boneless, leader of the Great Heathen Army that had taken York in 866 and spent the intervening years dominating northern England. They ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Amlaíb (Olaf to later Norse sources) was Scandinavian king of Dublin; Ímar was almost certainly the man Anglo-Saxon chroniclers called Ivar the Boneless, leader of the Great Heathen Army that had taken York in 866 and spent the intervening years dominating northern England. They ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: Four Months on the Craig</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. The defenders held. Four months of siege is a length of time that has no parallel in Viking warfare in the British Isles, before or after. Most Norse campaigns were raids: hit hard, take what was portable, leave before the levy arrived. To sit outside one fortress for a third of ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. The defenders held. Four months of siege is a length of time that has no parallel in Viking warfare in the British Isles, before or after. Most Norse campaigns were raids: hit hard, take what was portable, leave before the levy arrived. To sit outside one fortress for a third of ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: Two Hundred Ships to Dublin</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Annals of Ulster record that after the siege a fleet of 200 ships transported prisoners back to Dublin. These were not only the Britons of Alt Clut: alongside them were Picts, Scots and Northumbrians taken in earlier raids. Dublin in 870 was one of Europe's premier slave mark...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Annals of Ulster record that after the siege a fleet of 200 ships transported prisoners back to Dublin. These were not only the Britons of Alt Clut: alongside them were Picts, Scots and Northumbrians taken in earlier raids. Dublin in 870 was one of Europe's premier slave mark...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Siege of Dumbarton: What the Siege Killed</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Alt Clut as a kingdom did not end with the siege, but its centre moved. The Britons relocated about 12 miles upriver to Govan, and the kingdom became known as Strathclyde. The old fortress on the rock may have served briefly as a Viking outpost. The political power that had held ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data, CC BY-SA 3.0. Alt Clut as a kingdom did not end with the siege, but its centre moved. The Britons relocated about 12 miles upriver to Govan, and the kingdom became known as Strathclyde. The old fortress on the rock may have served briefly as a Viking outpost. The political power that had held ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-dumbarton/">Siege of Dumbarton on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nilfanion, created using Ordnance Survey data | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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