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    <title>Qualla: Siege of Hlukhiv</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In the frozen winter of 1664 a small garrison held its walls against a king's army of fifty thousand, turning a siege into one of the worst defeats of a long war.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the frozen winter of 1664 a small garrison held its walls against a king's army of fifty thousand, turning a siege into one of the worst defeats of a long war.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Siege of Hlukhiv</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv</link>
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      <title>Siege of Hlukhiv: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. A French duke who was there could not quite believe what he was seeing. Antoine III de Gramont, an officer in the Polish king's army, watched a small garrison behind broken walls beat back storm after storm, firing their cannon with a skill and a bravery he called miraculous. It was the winter of 1664, the walls were at Hlukhiv, and outside them stood the army of King John II Casimir of Poland, fifty thousand men or more, come to bring the Left Bank of Cossack Ukraine to heel. What the duke witnessed over those weeks was not a mismatch resolving as expected. It was a great army breaking itself against a stubborn town, and then dissolving in the retreat.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. A French duke who was there could not quite believe what he was seeing. Antoine III de Gramont, an officer in the Polish king's army, watched a small garrison behind broken walls beat back storm after storm, firing their cannon with a skill and a bravery he called miraculous. It was the winter of 1664, the walls were at Hlukhiv, and outside them stood the army of King John II Casimir of Poland, fifty thousand men or more, come to bring the Left Bank of Cossack Ukraine to heel. What the duke witnessed over those weeks was not a mismatch resolving as expected. It was a great army breaking itself against a stubborn town, and then dissolving in the retreat.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/">Siege of Hlukhiv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Бабулин Игорь Борисович | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Hlukhiv: The King&apos;s Great Offensive</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The campaign had begun in confidence. In November 1663, John II Casimir and his ally Pavlo Teteria, hetman of the Right Bank, marched east against the Left Bank of the Cossack Hetmanate with an enormous host, well over a hundred thousand counting camp followers. The defenders had...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The campaign had begun in confidence. In November 1663, John II Casimir and his ally Pavlo Teteria, hetman of the Right Bank, marched east against the Left Bank of the Cossack Hetmanate with an enormous host, well over a hundred thousand counting camp followers. The defenders had...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/">Siege of Hlukhiv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Бабулин Игорь Борисович | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Hlukhiv: Two Stormings, Two Repulses</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Polish and Lithuanian artillery went to work, and explosives tore openings in the walls. Grand Duke John III Sobieski, a future king himself, personally led the assault. The attackers with their Crimean Tatar allies poured through the breaches, and there in the streets they b...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Polish and Lithuanian artillery went to work, and explosives tore openings in the walls. Grand Duke John III Sobieski, a future king himself, personally led the assault. The attackers with their Crimean Tatar allies poured through the breaches, and there in the streets they b...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/">Siege of Hlukhiv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Бабулин Игорь Борисович | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Hlukhiv: The Retreat That Became a Rout</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. While the king battered Hlukhiv, the ground shifted beneath him. Romodanovsky and Briukhovetsky arrived with a relief force of some forty-five thousand, and across the Left Bank towns that had earlier surrendered without a fight now rose in revolt against the occupation, a rising...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. While the king battered Hlukhiv, the ground shifted beneath him. Romodanovsky and Briukhovetsky arrived with a relief force of some forty-five thousand, and across the Left Bank towns that had earlier surrendered without a fight now rose in revolt against the occupation, a rising...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/">Siege of Hlukhiv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Бабулин Игорь Борисович | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Hlukhiv: The Weight of a Small Victory</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The defense of Hlukhiv did more than save one town. It shattered the Polish-Lithuanian design to bring the Left Bank of the Cossack Hetmanate back under the Commonwealth's control, and the great offensive of 1663 to 1664 came to nothing. In the years that followed, the Commonweal...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Бабулин Игорь Борисович, CC BY-SA 4.0. The defense of Hlukhiv did more than save one town. It shattered the Polish-Lithuanian design to bring the Left Bank of the Cossack Hetmanate back under the Commonwealth's control, and the great offensive of 1663 to 1664 came to nothing. In the years that followed, the Commonweal...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-hlukhiv/">Siege of Hlukhiv on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Бабулин Игорь Борисович | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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