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    <title>Qualla: Trombas</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A quiet cattle municipality in northern Goiás that was, for a decade in the 1950s and 60s, the site of one of the most effective peasant land movements in Brazilian history.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A quiet cattle municipality in northern Goiás that was, for a decade in the 1950s and 60s, the site of one of the most effective peasant land movements in Brazilian history.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Trombas</title>
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      <title>Trombas: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On 7 June 1973, José Porfírio de Souza was seen at the Brasília bus station. He had recently been released after six months in the hands of DOI-CODI, the military dictatorship's interrogation apparatus, where he was tortured. He had lunch with his lawyer, said he was going to the bank to draw some money, and walked out. Nobody saw him again, and his remains have never been found. Eleven years earlier he had been the most-voted candidate on his slate in a Goiás state election — the first peasant ever elected to a legislature in Brazil — and the reason was a stretch of red dirt in the far north of the state, around two rivers called Trombas and Formoso.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 7 June 1973, José Porfírio de Souza was seen at the Brasília bus station. He had recently been released after six months in the hands of DOI-CODI, the military dictatorship's interrogation apparatus, where he was tortured. He had lunch with his lawyer, said he was going to the bank to draw some money, and walked out. Nobody saw him again, and his remains have never been found. Eleven years earlier he had been the most-voted candidate on his slate in a Goiás state election — the first peasant ever elected to a legislature in Brazil — and the reason was a stretch of red dirt in the far north of the state, around two rivers called Trombas and Formoso.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trombas: Land Without Papers</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the 1940s and 50s, families from Maranhão, the Piauí interior and the Bahian sertão pushed into the mid-north of Goiás, part of the great westward migration the federal government had been encouraging for years. They cleared plots, planted rice and beans, and built houses. Wha...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the 1940s and 50s, families from Maranhão, the Piauí interior and the Bahian sertão pushed into the mid-north of Goiás, part of the great westward migration the federal government had been encouraging for years. They cleared plots, planted rice and beans, and built houses. Wha...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Trombas: Councils by the Creek</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[What happened next is what makes Trombas and Formoso unusual. Rather than scattering, the posseiros organised. Militants of the Brazilian Communist Party reached the area around 1954 and helped build a structure, but the shape of it came from the land itself: the peasants formed ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What happened next is what makes Trombas and Formoso unusual. Rather than scattering, the posseiros organised. Militants of the Brazilian Communist Party reached the area around 1954 and helped build a structure, but the shape of it came from the land itself: the peasants formed ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trombas: Titles, and a Peasant in the Chamber</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The extraordinary part is that they won. In 1961 the Goiás government under Mauro Borges, unable to dislodge the movement and facing an organisation too disciplined to simply repress, changed approach and began regularising the occupied land. Surveyors went out. Boundaries were d...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The extraordinary part is that they won. In 1961 the Goiás government under Mauro Borges, unable to dislodge the movement and facing an organisation too disciplined to simply repress, changed approach and began regularising the occupied land. Surveyors went out. Boundaries were d...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trombas: After April 1964</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The military seized power on 1 April 1964, and the reckoning was quick. Porfírio's mandate was annulled on 1 June by President Castelo Branco. The association was dissolved. Leaders were hunted, jailed and in some cases killed; Brazil's National Truth Commission later documented ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The military seized power on 1 April 1964, and the reckoning was quick. Porfírio's mandate was annulled on 1 June by President Castelo Branco. The association was dissolved. Leaders were hunted, jailed and in some cases killed; Brazil's National Truth Commission later documented ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Trombas: The Municipality That Came After</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/trombas/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Trombas became a district of Formoso in 1968 and a municipality in its own right by state law 10,436 of 9 January 1988. It is a small place in the extreme north of Goiás, 424 kilometres from Goiânia by a chain of highways, hemmed in by Montividiu do Norte, Formoso, Campinorte, Ca...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trombas became a district of Formoso in 1968 and a municipality in its own right by state law 10,436 of 9 January 1988. It is a small place in the extreme north of Goiás, 424 kilometres from Goiânia by a chain of highways, hemmed in by Montividiu do Norte, Formoso, Campinorte, Ca...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/trombas/">Trombas on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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