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    <title>Qualla: University of Göttingen</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[For a few decades Göttingen was the place where modern mathematics and physics were being invented - until 1933, when the state that owned it threw the people doing the inventing out of the country.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[For a few decades Göttingen was the place where modern mathematics and physics were being invented - until 1933, when the state that owned it threw the people doing the inventing out of the country.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: University of Göttingen</title>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY-SA 3.0. At a dinner in 1934, the Nazi education minister Bernhard Rust turned to David Hilbert and asked how mathematics was faring in Goettingen now that it had been freed of Jewish influence. Hilbert, by then the most famous mathematician in Germany, told him there was no mathematics in Goettingen any more. It was not a debating point. Within about a year the faculty that had drawn students from every continent had been dismissed, driven abroad, or frightened into silence, and a two-hundred-year run as one of the intellectual centres of the world had been shut down by its own government.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY-SA 3.0. At a dinner in 1934, the Nazi education minister Bernhard Rust turned to David Hilbert and asked how mathematics was faring in Goettingen now that it had been freed of Jewish influence. Hilbert, by then the most famous mathematician in Germany, told him there was no mathematics in Goettingen any more. It was not a debating point. Within about a year the faculty that had drawn students from every continent had been dismissed, driven abroad, or frightened into silence, and a two-hundred-year run as one of the intellectual centres of the world had been shut down by its own government.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: A King&apos;s Enlightenment Project</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. The university exists because a British king wanted one. George II, who was also Elector of Hanover, instructed his Hanoverian first minister Gerlach Adolph von Muenchhausen to found a university at Goettingen in 1734 that would spread the ideas of the Enlightenment; teaching beg...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. The university exists because a British king wanted one. George II, who was also Elector of Hanover, instructed his Hanoverian first minister Gerlach Adolph von Muenchhausen to found a university at Goettingen in 1734 that would spread the ideas of the Enlightenment; teaching beg...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: Law, Bismarck&apos;s Cottage, and the Seven</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Elisabeth Baumann, Public domain. For its first century Goettingen was a law school with a university attached. Johann Stephan Puetter taught public law here for fifty years, and among the young men taking notes were Metternich, the future Austrian chancellor, and Wilhelm von Humboldt, who would later build the u...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Elisabeth Baumann, Public domain. For its first century Goettingen was a law school with a university attached. Johann Stephan Puetter taught public law here for fifty years, and among the young men taking notes were Metternich, the future Austrian chancellor, and Wilhelm von Humboldt, who would later build the u...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Elisabeth Baumann | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: Where the Mathematics Was</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. Carl Friedrich Gauss, called the Prince of Mathematicians, studied at Goettingen and spent his working life there, and the chair passed after him to Dirichlet and then to Bernhard Riemann. By 1900 David Hilbert and Felix Klein had turned the place into a destination: if you wante...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. Carl Friedrich Gauss, called the Prince of Mathematicians, studied at Goettingen and spent his working life there, and the chair passed after him to Dirichlet and then to Bernhard Riemann. By 1900 David Hilbert and Felix Klein had turned the place into a destination: if you wante...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: The Great Purge</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown authorUnknown author

Publisher: Mathematical Association of America [3], Brooklyn Museum [4], Agnes Scott College [5], [6], Public domain. In 1933 the campaign against what the regime called Jewish physics reached Goettingen, and the faculty was taken apart within months. Max Born, James Franck, Victor Goldschmidt, Eugene Wigner, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller, Edmund Landau, Emmy Noether and Richard Courant were dismis...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown authorUnknown author

Publisher: Mathematical Association of America [3], Brooklyn Museum [4], Agnes Scott College [5], [6], Public domain. In 1933 the campaign against what the regime called Jewish physics reached Goettingen, and the faculty was taken apart within months. Max Born, James Franck, Victor Goldschmidt, Eugene Wigner, Leo Szilard, Edward Teller, Edmund Landau, Emmy Noether and Richard Courant were dismis...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown authorUnknown author

Publisher: Mathematical Association of America [3], Brooklyn Museum [4], Agnes Scott College [5], [6] | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>University of Göttingen: What Came Back</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Etienne Ansotte, © European Union, 2021, CC BY 4.0. Goettingen was the first university in the western occupation zones to reopen, under British control, in 1945, and it rebuilt into something substantial rather than something legendary. Jurgen Habermas studied here; so did Richard von Weizsaecker, later President of Germany, and ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Etienne Ansotte, © European Union, 2021, CC BY 4.0. Goettingen was the first university in the western occupation zones to reopen, under British control, in 1945, and it rebuilt into something substantial rather than something legendary. Jurgen Habermas studied here; so did Richard von Weizsaecker, later President of Germany, and ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/university-of-gottingen/">University of Göttingen on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Etienne Ansotte, © European Union, 2021 | CC BY 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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