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    <title>Qualla: War of Canudos</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[Between 1896 and 1897 the young Brazilian Republic sent four military expeditions against a settlement of poor sertanejos in the Bahian backlands, and destroyed it almost entirely.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 09:25:05 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Between 1896 and 1897 the young Brazilian Republic sent four military expeditions against a settlement of poor sertanejos in the Bahian backlands, and destroyed it almost entirely.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: War of Canudos</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos</link>
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      <title>War of Canudos: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. On 22 September 1897, inside a settlement the Brazilian Army had been shelling for weeks, an old man died of dysentery. His followers buried him quickly. When the soldiers finally took the ground two weeks later, they dug him up, cut off his head, and carried it on a pike at the front of a military parade. The head went on to the Medical Faculty of Bahia, where physicians measured it looking for the physical abnormalities they were certain would explain him; a fire destroyed it in May 1905. His name was Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel. The people of the sertão called him Antônio Conselheiro — Antônio the Counselor — and the town he founded on the Vaza-Barris was called Belo Monte, Beautiful Hill. The Republic called it Canudos, and treated its existence as a war.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. On 22 September 1897, inside a settlement the Brazilian Army had been shelling for weeks, an old man died of dysentery. His followers buried him quickly. When the soldiers finally took the ground two weeks later, they dug him up, cut off his head, and carried it on a pike at the front of a military parade. The head went on to the Medical Faculty of Bahia, where physicians measured it looking for the physical abnormalities they were certain would explain him; a fire destroyed it in May 1905. His name was Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel. The people of the sertão called him Antônio Conselheiro — Antônio the Counselor — and the town he founded on the Vaza-Barris was called Belo Monte, Beautiful Hill. The Republic called it Canudos, and treated its existence as a war.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>War of Canudos: The Counselor</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Inconnu / unknown, CC0. Maciel was born on 13 March 1830 in Quixeramobim, in the interior of Ceará, into a family that ran a modest backlands business and was locked in a bloody feud with the powerful Araújo clan. His grandfather taught him, and he did well at Latin, French and mathematics. He married B...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Inconnu / unknown, CC0. Maciel was born on 13 March 1830 in Quixeramobim, in the interior of Ceará, into a family that ran a modest backlands business and was locked in a bloody feud with the powerful Araújo clan. His grandfather taught him, and he did well at Latin, French and mathematics. He married B...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Inconnu / unknown | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>War of Canudos: Belo Monte</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. In 1893 he stopped moving. The site he chose, near Monte Santo on the Vaza-Barris, was hard to reach and easy to defend, and within two years several thousand people had joined him. Belo Monte held property in common, did without currency and civil marriage, and banned taverns an...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. In 1893 he stopped moving. The site he chose, near Monte Santo on the Vaza-Barris, was hard to reach and easy to defend, and within two years several thousand people had joined him. Belo Monte held property in common, did without currency and civil marriage, and banned taverns an...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>War of Canudos: Four Expeditions</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Flávio de Barros, Public domain. The first force sent against Canudos was about a hundred men under Lieutenant Pires Ferreira. The Canudenses met them at Uauá on 4 November 1896 and drove them off. Ferreira came back three weeks later with 104 men and attacked the settlement itself on 21 November; that failed to...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Flávio de Barros, Public domain. The first force sent against Canudos was about a hundred men under Lieutenant Pires Ferreira. The Canudenses met them at Uauá on 4 November 1896 and drove them off. Ferreira came back three weeks later with 104 men and attacked the settlement itself on 21 November; that failed to...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Flávio de Barros | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>War of Canudos: October</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Flávio de Barros, Public domain. The fourth expedition set out on 16 June 1897 under General Arthur Oscar de Andrade Guimarães, and grew until more than 8,000 soldiers were in the field. This time the army did not try to rush the settlement; it surrounded it and shelled it. Conselheiro died on 22 September. The ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Flávio de Barros, Public domain. The fourth expedition set out on 16 June 1897 under General Arthur Oscar de Andrade Guimarães, and grew until more than 8,000 soldiers were in the field. This time the army did not try to rush the settlement; it surrounded it and shelled it. Conselheiro died on 22 September. The ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Flávio de Barros | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>War of Canudos: The Only Story We Have</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. How many died is genuinely unknown. Euclides da Cunha, the engineer and journalist who reached Canudos with the fourth expedition, put the total near 30,000 — 25,000 residents and 5,000 attackers — and that is still the figure most often quoted. Levine's estimate is around 15,000...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. How many died is genuinely unknown. Euclides da Cunha, the engineer and journalist who reached Canudos with the fourth expedition, put the total near 30,000 — 25,000 residents and 5,000 attackers — and that is still the figure most often quoted. Levine's estimate is around 15,000...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/war-of-canudos/">War of Canudos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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